Renaissance Archives - Page 4 of 9

Simon Bening’s April

March 31, 2022

by admin Art Manuscripts Northern Renaissance Powerpoints Renaissance Student Activities Worksheets

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* April (f. 21v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

Praise the spells and bless the charms, / I found April in my arms. / April golden, April cloudy, / Gracious, cruel, tender, rowdy; / April soft in flowered languor, / April cold with sudden anger, / Ever changing, ever true — / I love April, I love you…wrote Ogden Nash (1902 – 1971), the 20th-century American writer of humorous poetry! Could Simon Bening’s Calendar page for the Month of April be an example of a Renaissance April Love? https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/always-marry-an-april-girl/

Folio 21verso of Simon Bening’s Book of Hours, known as the Golf Book, is dedicated to the Month of April and exhibits a magnificent scene of Renaissance courtship! It all takes place in a beautiful garden, possibly in a town, surrounded by a low fence containing three trees, whose crowns are rather sparse because of their recent blossoming, grass, flowers, and a hexagonal fountain topped by a bronze-colour statue of a discreet Venus pouring water into a hollow in the garden, where a dog drinks. Simon Bening, the inventive painter of the Book of Golf presents the viewer with a detailed vista of impressive Flemish buildings, a magnificent Italianate colonnaded tower, and a lovely vignette… of a pair of storks nesting on a chimney, one of them flying over it. The scene, apart from the courting couple, is quite busy with a lady strolling about the garden alone… a couple of sweethearts talking and a man with a falcon perched on his left hand. In the foreground of the composition, Bening painted a boy, picking up flowers, and a young girl stretching her hands out towards the water, enjoying a crisp day of Spring. https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/603

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* April (Details, f. 21v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_24098_fs001r

The protagonists of Bening’s April arrangement, depicted in the center of the composition, outshine everything else! The young Lady, beautifully dressed in the latest of 16th-century fashion, wears a loose-fitting blue gown, revealing a red petticoat underneath when raised, with a wide, square neckline with a white ruff (a large round collar of intricately pleated muslin). She demurely gives her left hand to a gentleman, even more impressively dressed, who sits on the edge of the fountain, holding with his right hand a hooded falcon, and leaning towards her. The depicted man seems older than his mistress. He wears French garb consisting of a square-necked gown over a fastened shirt with a high, ruffled-edge collar, a skullcap (close-fitting cap), and a hat, long, dark-coloured hose, a very short type of footwear that appeared in the last quarter of the 15th century, and, hanging from his belt, an impressive, long sword. https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/603

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* April (Detail f. 21v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_24098_fs001r

This is an elegant scene of courtship between members of the aristocratic society. A romantic scene of a couple emotionally and socially attached is a symbol of a tacit agreement of commitment between the two persons. What I like most in Bening’s April scene is how the young Lady lowers her eyes shyly while her gallant suitor looks at her…amorously smiling! What a scene! https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/603

For a PowerPoint on the Golf Book, please… Check HERE!

For a Student Activity on Simon Bening’s April Page, please… Check HERE!

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* April (f. 22r),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* April (f. 21v and 22r),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

Spring by Giuseppe Arcimboldo

March 19, 2022

by admin 16th century Art Art Italian Renaissance Art Mannerism Powerpoints Renaissance

**Giuseppe Arcimboldo,** 1527-1593
**The Four Seasons – Spring,** 1563, oil on canvas, 76×63.5 cm, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid, Spain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_La_Primavera_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

Festive Spring has arrived, / The birds salute it with their happy song. / And the brooks, caressed by little Zephyrs, / Flow with a sweet murmur. / The sky is covered with a black mantle, / And thunder, and lightning, announce a storm. / When they are silent, the birds / Return to sing their lovely song / And in the meadow, rich with flowers, / To the sweet murmur of leaves and plants, / The goatherd sleeps, with his faithful dog at his side. / To the festive sound of pastoral bagpipes, / Dance nymphs and shepherds, / At Spring’s brilliant appearance. This is Antonio Lucio Vivaldi’s (1678 – 1741) Sonnet A Primavera (Spring). The great composer wrote it as a descriptive accompaniment, experts believe, for the music of his “Four Seasons.” Today the first day of Spring, I took the time to listen and read Vivaldi’s music and sonnet, looking at Spring by Giuseppe Arcimboldo! It was a magical time! https://www.charlottesymphony.org/blog/vivaldis-four-seasons-poems/

A scion of a noble and artistic family, his father was an artist, and his uncle held the position of Archbishop of Milan, Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1526–1593) was in all probability introduced to artists, scholars, and writers from a young age. Born and raised in Milan, the cradle of Renaissance naturalism, young Arcimboldo learned a mode of artistic expression based on the direct observation of nature. Well-trained as an artist Arcimboldo was commissioned to do exceptional work since the age of 21. For example, in 1549 he was commissioned to design stained glass windows for the Duomo, in 1551 he painted coats of arms for the future Emperor, Ferdinand I, in 1556, he created frescoes for the Cathedral of Monza; and, in 1558, he drew the cartoon for the Dormition of the Virgin tapestry, which remains on display in the Como Cathedral in Lombardi to this day. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/arcimboldo-giuseppe/life-and-legacy/#biography_header and file:///C:/Users/aspil/OneDrive/Blog/Renaissance%20Mannerism/Arcimboldo%20ScoopNGA.pdf

Arcimboldo’s friend, the Milanese art critic, and travelogue author, Paolo Morigia writes for him… This is a painter (Arcimboldo) with a rare talent […] having proved his worth both as an artist and as a bizarre painter, not only in his own country but also abroad, he has been given the highest praise, in that word of his fame has reached the Emperor’s court in Germany.” The “court” Morigia refers to, is the court of the Habsburg rulers in Vienna first, where Arcimboldo moved in 1563 at the age of thirty-six, and Prague later, where he served as court painter for twenty-five years. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/arcimboldo-giuseppe/life-and-legacy/#biography_header and file:///C:/Users/aspil/OneDrive/Blog/Renaissance%20Mannerism/Arcimboldo%20ScoopNGA.pdf

**Giuseppe Arcimboldo,** 1527-1593
**The Four Seasons – Spring (detail),** 1563, oil on canvas, 76×63.5 cm, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid, Spain
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Figura-16-Giuseppe-Arcimboldo-La-Primavera-1563-Real-Academia-de-Bellas-Artes-de-San_fig16_318795156

While in Vienna, to celebrate the reign of Emperor Maximilian II, Arcimboldo created his “ signature Portraits of the 4 Seasons,” composed of imaginatively arranging elements of nature like plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. For each “Portrait” (Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter), created in 1563, Arcimboldo combined plants associated with a particular season to form a portrait of that time of year. The series proved extremely popular in the Habsburg court, and Arcimboldo reproduced it several times so the emperor could send versions to friends and important political figures. file:///C:/Users/aspil/OneDrive/Blog/Renaissance%20Mannerism/Arcimboldo%20ScoopNGA.pdf

Closely associated with Mother Earth, Arcimboldo’s “Spring”, the first in his Four Seasons series, takes the form of a youthful woman composed entirely of flowers and bright green leaves. Arcimboldo uses roses and daises, tulips and lily buds, green leaves like strawberry stems, and large leaves of a dandelion plant. In profile, and smiling, showing her lilies of the valley teeth, “Spring” seems fully aware of her beauty and the joy that looking upon her countenance will bring to a viewer. Her youth and beauty are a fitting opening to the series, and the beginnings of the cycle of life and the seasons. http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/arcimboldo-s-gift–the-fantast/fourseasons/spring

For a PowerPoint of the 4 Seasons by Giuseppe Arcimboldo, please… Check HERE!

A monumental installation in the grounds of the Dulwich Picture Gallery in South London of **The Four Seasons**, a set of four fifteen-foot fiberglass sculptures by **American artist and film-maker Philip Haas** in 2012
https://poulwebb.blogspot.com/2012/06/giuseppe-arcimboldo.html

I would like to draw your attention to a modern take of Arcimboldo’s The 4 Seasons paintings… a set of four and a half meters high fiberglass sculptures of the Four Seasons by American artist and film-maker Philip Haas, created in 2012. Interesting… to say the least! https://crystalbridges.org/blog/the-four-seasons-philip-haas-interprets-giuseppe-arcimboldo/

A monumental installation in the grounds of the Dulwich Picture Gallery in South London of **The Four Seasons** (photo of **The Spring)**, a set of four fifteen-foot fiberglass sculptures by **American artist and film-maker Philip Haas** in 2012
https://poulwebb.blogspot.com/2012/06/giuseppe-arcimboldo.html

Simon Bening’s March

February 28, 2022

by admin Art Manuscripts Northern Renaissance Powerpoints Renaissance Student Activities Worksheets

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* March (f. 20v and 21r),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

Never mind, March, we know / When you blow / You’re not really mad / Or angry or bad; / You’re only blowing the winter away / To get the world ready for April and May… writes Annette Wynne… just as in Simon Bening’s March Page preparations for Spring are in order! What a magnificent scene… an introductory full-page miniature showing the agricultural labours associated with the beginning of the agricultural season. https://discoverpoetry.com/poems/march-poems/ and https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* March (f. 20v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

The main miniature on f. 20v of the Golf Book by Simon Bening, shows, in the foreground, an organized, enclosed Medieval Garden. The depicted labourer, a neatly dressed peasant, is presented to stop digging and to dock his cap to an aristocratic lady who gestures eloquently and energetically to him with her left hand as if she is instructing him on what his gardening chores should be. Followed by her lady-in-waiting the “principal” female figure of the composition is quite impressively dressed in a tunic with a fur collar and wide sleeves with a small, white dog in her right hand. Even her companion/maid is beautifully groomed in a dress with a generous neckline that is straight across the lower edge and covered by a high ruff of thick fabric. This is a lovely introductory scene to medieval gardening and the importance of medicinal plants for the people of the Middle Ages. https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/158

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* March (f. 20v) (detail),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_24098_fs001r

What I find particularly interesting about this composition, is the depicted garden or orchard – possibly containing medicinal herbs and vegetables – that Bening depicted in the left forward part of his March verso page composition. For my students, the March page is a perfect opportunity to discuss Gardening during the Middle Ages, the importance of herbal or medicinal gardens, and how they are depicted in art. A fascinating book to read, beautifully illustrated is Sweet Herbs and Sundry Flowers: Medieval Gardens and the Gardens of The Cloisters by Tania Bayard, which I use for a Student Activity… HERE! https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Sweet_Herbs_and_Sundry_Flowers_Medieval_Gardens_and_the_Gardens_of_The_Cloisters

For a PowerPoint on the Golf Book, please… Check HERE!

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* March (f. 20v and 21r) (details),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_24098_fs001r

Saint George and the Dragon by Rogier van der Weyden

February 22, 2022

by admin Art Northern Renaissance Powerpoints Renaissance

**Rogier van der Weyden,** 1399 or 1400-1464
**Saint George and the Dragon**, 1432-1435, oil on panel, 14.3×10.5 cm, NGA, Washington DC
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_George_and_the_Dragon_Rogier.jpg

The legend of Saint George and the Dragon, popular in literature and the visual arts since the 11^th century, has the right measure of Christian faith, fervor, and miracle! It is a joy to read about, and marvel …the king had his daughter dressed like a bride, embraced and kissed her, gave her his blessing, then led her to the place where the dragon was. / When she was there Saint George passed by, and seeing the lady, he asked her what she was doing there. / She said, “Go your way, fair young man, lest you perish as well.” / Then he said, “Tell me why you are weeping.” / When she saw that he insisted on knowing, she told him how she had been delivered to the dragon. / Then Saint George said, “Fair daughter, doubt not, for I shall help you in the name of Jesus Christ.” / She said, “For God’s sake, good knight, go your way, for you cannot save me.” / While they were thus talking together the dragon appeared and came running toward them. Saint George, who was on his horse, drew his sword, made the sign of the cross, then rode swiftly toward the dragon. He struck him with his spear, injuring him severely. / Then he said to the maid, “Tie your belt around the dragon’s neck, and be not afraid.” / When she had done so the dragon followed her meekly. She led him into the city, and the people fled in fear. / Saint George said to them, “Doubt not. Believe in God and Jesus Christ, and be baptized, and I shall slay the dragon.” / Then the king and all his people were baptized, whereupon Saint George killed the dragon and cut off his head… Saint George and the Dragon by Rogier van der Weyden is a marvel to explore! https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/stgeorge1.html

http://www.eliotsofporteliot.com/misc/stgeorgeandthedragon.html

I particularly like Roger van der Weyden’s small painting of Saint George and the Dragon at the National Gallery in Washington DC. Probably the earliest of Roger’s paintings, Saint George and the Dragon is of exceptionally high quality. Some scholars discuss how close the painting is to the art of the International Gothic Style, while others find close affiliations to the Netherlandish tradition of Manuscript Illumination; yet they all agree that Roger’s characteristic linearity is evident, his tendency in depicting courtly chivalric elegance apparent and a microscopic yet realistic and atmospheric landscape all too powerful! https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/early-netherlandish-painting.pdf pp. 264-270

**Rogier van der Weyden,** 1399 or 1400-1464
**Saint George and the Dragon (details)**, 1432-1435, oil on panel, 14.3×10.5 cm, NGA, Washington DC
https://twtext.com/article/1246172930633015296

Rogier van der Weyden is a favourite Flemish artist… thoughtful and insightful, overwhelming yet sincere in his art. According to the National Gallery (London) experts, he was internationally famed for the naturalism of his detail and his expressive pathos. He created a range of types – for portraits and for religious subjects – which were repeated throughout the Netherlands, the Iberian peninsula, and even Italy, until the mid-16th century. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/rogier-van-der-weyden

As is the case with many Early Flemish painters, we know little about Rogier van der Weyden’s life. We know, for example, that for almost five years, between March 1427 to August 1432, he was “apprenticed” to Robert Campin in his hometown of Tournai. He couldn’t have chosen a better teacher/mentor. On the 1st of August 1432, Rogier became a master of the Tournai guild, entitled to undertake work there on his own account, opened his own workshop, acquiring success, and prestige. It is interesting how he maintained workshops in both the cities of Tournai and Brussels whereby 1436, it has been documented, that… he was made painter to the city of Brussels and that… in 1450 he may have traveled to Rome. . https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/rogier-van-der-weyden and https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/artist/weyden-rogier-van-der/2f4ef580-41c0-4756-a74c-d8ebda889668

**Rogier van der Weyden,** 1399 or 1400-1464
**Saint George and the Dragon (detail)**, 1432-1435, oil on panel, 14.3×10.5 cm, NGA, Washington DC
https://twtext.com/article/1246172930633015296

Rogier van der Weyden was a prolific painter and an astute businessman. By 1443, he had acquired two large, adjoining houses in Brussels, in the posh “Golden Street,” in close proximity to the Coudenberg Palace, the residence of the Duke of Burgundy, the Town Hall and the Markt (now the Grand-Place), the centres of civic life and commerce; and the Collegiate Church of Saint Gudula (now the city’s Cathedral). It is believed, by the Prado Museum experts that he ran a busy workshop, and he may have had to feed a large team. One of his two houses could have been the place where he and his assistants worked, where his apprentices, and perhaps other collaborators, lodged, and where pictures were displayed for sale to patrons like Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, foreign princes, as well as for city and church dignitaries. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/rogier-van-der-weyden

The small painting of Saint George and the Dragon has all the characteristics of Rogier’s paintings that I find endearing… an imaginary landscape, rich in detail rendered with the greatest clarity and realism, amazing interest in the depiction of light, as we see it reflecting on George’s armor and the dragon’s scales, elegance, chivalry, and pathos! What more can you ask!

For a PowerPoint on Rogier van der Weyden’s Altarpieces, please… Check HERE!

For a Student Activity, check NGA’s Eye for Art Pamphlet… https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/Education/learning-resources/an-eye-for-art/AnEyeforArt-RogierVanDerWeydenRaphael.pdf

Simon Bening’s February

January 31, 2022

by admin Art Renaissance Student Activities Worksheets

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* February (f. 19v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

Simon Bening’s February scene is a feast for the eyes! Under an impressive green canopy, and in front of a blazing fire the lord and the lady of the Manor House are ready for an evening of festivities and fine dining. Seated on a high-backed chair, a symbol of her social rank, and attended by her handmaiden, the lady of the manor is portrayed spirited, and enthusiastic, chatting with her husband who seems interested, like-minded, and responding. He is lavishly clothed in a tunic with a sable collar holding a bowl of liquid. Like most of the men in the room except the servants, musicians and the dancer, the lord wears a small, soft cap with a slightly raised crown and very narrow rim. The shirt collar, of German origin, is quite high and trimmed by a narrow, gathered edge. Bening presents them in a richly-appointed room, behind an opulent dining table laden with two candlesticks each with a lit candle, a platter of meat, loaves of bread, a metal container possibly for drinks, and a glass goblet which reveals the high social standing of the figures. The large proportions of the room and compositional depth are enhanced by the presence of two doors, on either side of the fireplace. A group of crammed, curiously-looking men is depicted through the left door, and a serious servant carrying a bowl of food emerges through the right door. We are witnesses of a true Renaissance feast in the making! https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/157 and https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

For Simon Bening, presenting a scene of feasting is not enough! I sense anticipation rising high… I imagine the hosts, the servants, and the guests eager for the entertainment to begin! A troop of musicians… accompanied by a rather mischievous-looking jester, are ready! To the left of the composition, two servants holding torches, just like Renaissance spotlights, illuminate the scene. On the opposite side, a group of musicians playing a melody on a flute to the sound of a drum set the tone for merriment! Beside them is a jester or fool in the typical horned cap with bells and mock scepter. He looks utterly mischievous… Is he about to make some impudent, risqué comment? Is the young, a fashionably dressed couple in the center, the target of his bold wit? https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/157 and https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

Simon Bening takes time and effort to present us with a powerful couple of impeccable tastes… stylish, and trendy! They are about to start dancing, and he is the protagonist of the scene… wearing a doublet with gusseted sleeves and full-length hose with a ribbon tied around each leg. He differs from the others, present in the composition, by his loose, decorative, slit sleeves hanging from the forearm… the golden dagger tied to his waist… his narrow, closed footwear, of the duck’s beak type that appeared around 1530. What an amazing presentation! We can only speculate which winter feast is celebrated on Bening’s February page. Perhaps a feast related to Carnival, as suggested by the image of another small jester painted in cameo fashion in a niche on the left of the border around the painting. Perhaps not… https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/157

For a PowerPoint on the Golf Book, please… Check HERE!

For a Student Activity on Simon Bening’s February page, please… Check HERE!

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* February (f. 20r),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/calendars/page/11/

La Belle Nani by Paolo Veronese

January 25, 2022

by admin Art Powerpoints Renaissance

**Paolo Veronese**, 1528–1588
**Portrait of a Venetian Woman – La Belle Nani,** circa 1560, oil on canvas, 119×103 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris, France
https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010065927

Men were created before women… But that doesn’t prove their superiority – rather, it proves ours, for they were born out of the lifeless earth in order that we could be born out of living flesh. And what’s so important about this priority in creation, anyway? When we are building, we lay foundations on the ground first, things of no intrinsic merit or beauty, before subsequently raising up sumptuous buildings and ornate palaces. Lowly seeds are nourished in the earth, and then later the ravishing blooms appear; lovely roses blossom forth and scented narcissi… writes Moderata Fonte in her book The Worth of Women: Wherein Is Clearly Revealed Their Nobility and Their Superiority to Men, and I think that La Belle Nani by Paolo Veronese is one such Venetian… ravishing bloom, a lovely roses blossom, a scented narcissi! https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/893320.Moderata_Fonte and https://books.google.gr/books?id=AtTGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=Men+were+created+before+women.+…+But+that+doesn%27t+prove+their+superiority+%E2%80%93+rather,+it+proves+ours,+for+they+were+born+out+of+the+lifeless+earth+in+order+that+we+could+be+born+out+of+living+flesh.+And+what%27s+so+important+about+this+priority+in+creation,+anyway?+When+we+are+building,+we+lay+foundations+on+the+ground+first,+things+of+no+intrinsic+merit+or+beauty,+before+subsequently+raising+up+sumptuous+buildings+and+ornate+palaces.+Lowly+seeds+are+nourished+in+the+earth,+and+then+later+the+ravishing+blooms+appear;+lovely+roses+blossom+forth+and+scented+narcissi.&source=bl&ots=LzBLZk1PqE&sig=ACfU3U14hiEGCMR-a1Zp9IywMToXnxIAsw&hl=el&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi37YHOwKb1AhXLgv0HHYiYA1AQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false

What an incredible portrait La belle Nani is! Created by Paolo Veronese (1528-1588), one of the most famous painters of the Cinquecento, it fascinates and fires the imagination. Who is she? Is she a respectable Venetian matron, one of Venice’s famous courtesans, or is she the image of the Venetian ideal beauty? Well, we do not really know… except that back in the 19^th century, it was thought that the portrait was commissioned by the Nani, a patrician family of Venice, and thus, the nickname La Belle Nani was adopted. http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/monographs/painting/veroneseune-dame-venitienne-dite-la-belle-nani.html

**Paolo Veronese**, 1528–1588
**Portrait of a Venetian Woman – La Belle Nani (detail),** circa 1560, oil on canvas, 119×103 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris, France
https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/ethniki-pinakothiki-loybro-maska-napoleonta-parisi

The portrait of the “Beautiful Nani” follows, according to the Louvre experts, a very fashionable compositional formula developed by no other than the greatest portrait painter of the Venetian Renaissance, Titian. The model is depicted facing the viewer, in front of a dark neutral background, and is placed next to an element of furniture, in Veronese’s painting, a table covered with a precious carpet of Anatolian manufacture, known as “a la Moretto” style. Portrayed against a sober background the beautiful woman bursts of light and colour reflecting the extraordinary skills of the Venetian Renaissance artist. https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010065927

The Louvre Portrait exalts the beauty of a young woman as much as the richness of her dress. It is believed that this is the Portrait of an aristocratic Venetian mother… beautiful and utterly fashionable! Her delicate complexion, for example, is white and pink, indicating that the lady is protecting herself from the sun. Her sparkling hair is blond, a color that was obtained, according to the beauty recipes of the time, by exposing hair to the midday sun, on the roofs of Venetian palaces. Her ceremonial dress, made of luxurious blue velvet and branched brocade on a white background, is fashionably loose, with a fairly wide opening on the chest, a light white gauze coat draped over her shoulders, and sumptuous pieces of jewelry all over her. https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010065927

La belle Nani is beautiful, fashionable, and virtuous… She chastely turns her gaze away from that of the spectator. Her left hand, whose ring finger is adorned with a wedding ring, elegantly re-dyes the transparent veil of her coat, while her right hand rests on her heart, as a sign of conjugal fidelity. The portrait must thus signify the exemplary nature of this woman: her high social rank, her physical beauty, and her moral virtue. https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010065927

Katerina Sakellaropoulou the President of the Hellenic Republic at the National Gallery of Greece Exhibition *In Search of Immortality – The Art of Portrait in the Louvre Collections* (December 1, 2021-28 March 2022).
https://www.newsit.gr/politikh/katerina-sakellaropoulou-egkainiase-ekthesi-tis-ethnikis-pinakothikis-foros-timis-sto-mouseiou-tou-louvrou/3418282/

In Search of Immortality – The Art of Portrait in the Louvre Collections (December 1, 2021-28 March 2022) is a wonderful Exhibition at the National Gallery in Athens, Greece. La Belle Nani is just one of one hundred portraits from the Louvre Museum Exhibited in Athens. An impressive selection of valuable works of art dating from the period of Pharaonic Egypt to Gericault and Delacroix, the Athens Exhibition explores the genre of Portraiture with stunning examples like… The Death of Mara by Jacques-Louis or Bonaparte at the Pont d’Arcole by Antoine-Jean Gros. This is an Exhibition worth visiting! https://digitalculture.gov.gr/2021/11/ethniki-pinakothiki-anazitontas-tin-athanasia-i-techni-tou-portretou-stis-silloges-tou-louvrou/

For a PowerPoint on Portraits of Renaissance Women by Paolo Veronese, please… Check HERE!

Simon Bening’s January

January 1, 2022

by admin Art Powerpoints Renaissance Student Activities Worksheets

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* January (f. 18v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/01/a-calendar-page-for-january-2013.html

It’s the 1^st of January 2022… It is time to start a new Calendar Presentation… and Wish you ALL a Happy New Year, Health, Love, and Prosperity!!! Let’s start the Year with Simon Bening’s January, our new BLOG POST.

My search for the perfect Calendar for the new year is a long process, and starts during summer! I want each “Calendar under Focus” to embrace and present every month in a comprehensive way… to make me wonder how effectual it can be. I search for information on the artist who created it and the patron who commissioned it. I want to explore and present you with Calendars of different mediums… For example, the 2000 Calendar presentation was on the Maestro Venceslao Fresco Calendar in Torre Aquila, Castello del Buonconsiglio in Trento, Italy. In 2021 I focused on a Venetian Set of Doors presenting the Twelve Months created by an anonymous Venetian artist in the National Gallery in London. This year it is time to turn to an Illuminated Manuscript, a medium I love, and present you a 16^th century famous Book of Hours with an interesting name… the Golf Book! https://www.teachercurator.com/art/the-month-of-january/ and https://www.teachercurator.com/art/the-labours-of-the-months-february/ and http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?docId=IAMS032-002031376&fn=permalink&vid=IAMS_VU2

Some of the greatest paintings and drawings of the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, according to Wendy A. Stein, are not displayed on church and museum walls; instead, they shine forth from the pages… of very special illuminated manuscripts known as Books of Hours. Thousands of Books of Hours made between 1250 and 1700 survive today in libraries and museums, a testament to their popularity in their heyday, especially in northern Europe. They were functional prayer books made for the nonordained, and the paintings in them were intended to foster reflection and devotion. Each Book of Hours was unique, serving the spiritual needs of its patron. Book of Hours were devotional books containing prayers to be recited at set times of the day. By the 15th century, the norm was to contain the Hours of the Virgin, a Calendar, a set of Gospel lessons, Hours focusing on the Cross, a group of Psalms, and prayers to saints called Suffrages. It is interesting how most Books of Hours begin with a Calendar, to help the owner keep track of saints’ days and other feasts. Each month gets a page with listed days, holy days are often written in red (the origin of the term “red letter day”), and significant feast days are written in gold letters. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hour/hd_hour.htm

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* January (f. 18v – f. 19f ),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/01/a-calendar-page-for-january-2013.html

The 16^th century Book of Hours, known as the Golf Book, is a very unique and special manuscript in the Collection of the British Library. Unfortunately, the Golf Book is not, in its present state, a complete manuscript as most of the text is now missing. Thirty parchment leaves, however, remain, twenty-one pages of which, are full-page miniatures, in colours and gold, surrounded by a historiated border (12 pages are part of the Calendar section). The remaining forty pages feature historiated borders as well, that incorporate medallions, architectonic decoration, and cameos in grisaille and semi-grisaille. The text pages present large and small initials and line-fillers, in colours and gold. Simon Bening (d. 1561), with the assistance of his workshop, was the artist from Bruges responsible for this amazing manuscript. Bening’s accomplishments will feature in the Month of February Presentation. http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?docId=IAMS032-002031376&fn=permalink&vid=IAMS_VU2

**Simon Bening** (d. 1561) and his workshop
**Book of Hours, known as the *Golf Book,* January (details of f. 18v),**c. 1540, 30 Parchment leaves on paper mounts, bound into a codex, 110 x 80 mm (text space: 85 x 60 mm), British Library, London, UK
https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/01/a-calendar-page-for-january-2013.html

The miniatures for the Month of January (ff. 18v-19r) cover two pages facing each other. Folio18v is a full-page miniature of a winter landscape with peasants busy with their chores or simply relaxing, and enjoying the pleasures of a cold, snowy day. The protagonists of the composition are the couple in the foreground chopping and collecting wood. Next comes the couple inside the house behind them – one wall of which is conveniently missing to show the indoor scene. The room, showing signs of certain wealth, is warm and cozy with a linen-covered table, set with food and drink – the fruits of their hard work. The Lady of the house is breastfeeding her baby in front of a raging fire, the Lord of the house is relaxing… talking to her, I want to imagine, planning their family future! A busy landscape completes the composition… a windmill on a promontory with a peasant carrying his load towards it, a church with a person coming out of it, and other people talking or simply strolling about wrapped up in capes or warm clothes to protect themselves from the cold. Several bare trees with snow-lined branches, birds resting on the roof-top, a smoking chimney, and a clear, blue sky, complete the full-page composition. The historiated borders of both folios presenting to the Month of January (ff 18v and 19r) include depictions, in cameo fashion, of children or youths pulling sleds. What an amazing scene Simon Bening’s January is! https://www.moleiro.com/en/books-of-hours/the-golf-book-book-of-hours/miniatura/156

For a PowerPoint on the Golf Book, please… Check HERE!

For a Student Activity on Simon Bening’s January page, please… Check HERE!

David with the Head of Goliath by Andrea del Castagno

December 17, 2021

by admin Art Powerpoints Renaissance

**Andrea del Castagno,** c. 1419-1457
**David with the Head of Goliath,** c. 1450/1455, tempera on leather on wood, H. 115.5 cm, width at top: 76.5 cm, width at bottom: 40.6 cm, NGA, Washington DC, USA
https://el.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Andrea_del_castagno,_scudo_di_david_con_la_testa_di_golia,_1450-55_circa,_02.JPG

The Philistine Goliath said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?” and David replied… “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. This day the Lord will deliver you into my hands, and I’ll strike you down and cut off your head…” As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground. So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him. David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine’s sword and drew it from the sheath. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword. David with the Head of Goliath by Andrea del Castagno presents the famous Biblical story described in the Book of Samuel (1 Samuel 17) in an exemplary Florentine style that fascinates me! https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%2017&version=NIV

David with the Head of Goliath, exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, is one more example of the Florentine fascination with David, the Biblical King, and Hero. David, early in the 15th century, became the embodiment of the city’s Republican identity and a favourite theme for artistic commissions. The people of Florence, a small political power at the time (15th century), identified themselves with young and untried at war David, his intelligence, his motivation, and ultimate success. Goliath was compared to the big Renaissance political entities like Milan… crushed by the will of God and Florentine “diplomacy.” The story is endlessly told by great masters like Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo… and Andrea del Castagno in an amazing and unique painting!

**Andrea del Castagno,** c. 1419-1457
**David with the Head of Goliath (detail),** c. 1450/1455, tempera on leather on wood, H. 115.5 cm, width at top: 76.5 cm, width at bottom: 40.6 cm, NGA, Washington DC, USA
https://www.nga.gov/audio-video/audio/david-and-goliath-castagno-english.html

This is actually an amazing, unique, and rare painted Heraldic Shield, a type of shield, that would be carried in civic processions and then housed in the owner’s bedroom chamber. According to the NGA experts, young… David has been victorious in battle against the giant Goliath, whose decapitated head lies at his feet. David is shown with his hand raised in a gesture that speaks of determination and self-possession and may have been taken from an antique model. Furthermore, Andrea’s Shield of David, combining references of personal and civic valor, and painted by a highly esteemed artist of the period, would have underscored the owner’s readiness to do battle on both a metaphorical and an actual level, testifying to his civic and personal virtues. An amazing, unique, and rare work of Art, to say the least. http://www.italianrenaissanceresources.com/units/unit-5/essays/the-beautiful-chamber/

For information on the relationship between Andrea del Castagno and Domenico Veneziano… the fictional story of how Domenico Veneziano was murdered by his good friend Andrea del Castagno… a story masterfully said by Gorgio Vasari, but totally untrue… please go to my Teacher Curator Post: https://www.teachercurator.com/art/teaching-with-domenico-veneziano/

For a National Gallery Podcast on Andrea del Castagno’s David with the Head of Goliath, check… https://www.nga.gov/audio-video/audio/david-and-goliath-castagno-english.html

For a PowerPoint on Andrea del Castagno, please… Click HERE!

…a student interpretation of David’s story!

The Labours of the Months: December

November 30, 2021

by admin Art Powerpoints Renaissance Uncategorized

**By an unknown Venetian artist…**
**The Labours of the Months: December,** about 1580, oil on canvas, 13.6 x 10.6 cm, National Gallery, London
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/italian-venetian-the-labours-of-the-months-january#painting-group-info

Last, for December, houses on the plain, / Ground-floors to live in, logs heaped mountain-high, / And carpets stretched, and newest games to try, / And torches lit, and gifts from man to man / (Your host, a drunkard and a Catalan); / And whole dead pigs, and cunning cooks to ply / Each throat with tit-bits that shall satisfy; / And wine-butts of Saint Galganus’ brave span. / And be your coats well-lined and tightly bound, / And wrap yourselves in cloaks of strength and weight, / With gallant hoods to put your faces through. / And make your game of abject vagabond / Abandoned miserable reprobate / Misers; don’t let them have a chance with you. My new BLOG POST for The Labours of the Months: December starts with a sonnet by Folgore Da San Geminiano (c. 1250-1317), translated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti in his book “Dante and His Circle,” (Roberts Brothers, Boston, 1893). http://www.sonnets.org/folgore.htm

Depicting the Labours of the Months was a popular artistic theme that was frequently used in the decoration of Cathedrals and Churches, Castles and Palaces, Psalters, Breviaries and Books of Hours across Europe during the Medieval and Early Renaissance period. Each month, depicting popular activities of peasants or/and the gentry through the year were sometimes paired with the Signs of the Zodiac circle. They would be either simple and small in size or large and elaborate, crafted in stone, wood, stained glass, painted in murals or often enough, painted in parchment. The Labours of the Months had a role in highlighting authority and privilege, hard work and occasionally, small, everyday pleasures. They are often perceived as a link between the work of man, the seasons of the year and God’s ordering of the Universe. Many great Monuments and Libraries in Europe display fine examples of such artefacts for art lovers to enjoy. http://www.livingfield.co.uk/ages/labours-of-the-months/

Throughout 2021, on the 1^st day of every month, I presented you with a small painting, part of a group of twelve, from the National Gallery in London, depicting a young man busy with some kind of a pastoral chore. According to the National Gallery experts… painted on canvas and then glued to a wooden panel these paintings were made to decorate the recessed panels of a pair of doors. The paintings seem to have been planned in pairs with the figures facing each other and …show the ‘labours of the months’ – the rural activities that take place each month throughout the year.” This set of painted Doors combine simplicity in execution and extravagance in visual effect! The paintings, very small in size, about 13.6 x 10.6 cm, were achieved in vivid, bright, luxurious colours, like ultramarine blue for the sky, strong vermilion and red lake for the clothing, with rich greens and yellows in the landscape. The restricted and repeated use of colour gives the group of little pictures a charming, decorative simplicity. All but one of the scenes show a man working outdoors on what appears to be the estate of a large villa, seen in several of the paintings, at the foot of the distant blue mountains. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/italian-venetian-the-labours-of-the-months-january#painting-group-info

**By an unknown Venetian artist…**
**The Labours of the Months: December (detail),** about 1580, oil on canvas, 13.6 x 10.6 cm, National Gallery, London
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/italian-venetian-the-labours-of-the-months-january#painting-group-info

The last painting for 2021… a simple brick building to the right, and a bare, uninviting landscape, introduces the viewer to the composition depicting the December Labour of the Month. It shows a popular theme… a slaughterman pinning an animal down with his right knee, holding its snout shut to stop it from struggling, whilst slitting its throat and moving its leg to make its blood flow quickly into the skillet on the ground. December is a month to celebrate the Birth of Christ, and the preparations for the festivities are about to begin!

For a PowerPoint on the Venetian paintings depicting the Labours of the Months, please … Check HERE!

Titian in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

November 26, 2021

by admin Art Museums Mythology Powerpoints Renaissance

**Tiziano Vecelli** (**Titian** in English), c. 1488/90-1576
**The Rape of Europa,** between 1560 and 1562, Oil on Canvas, 178 × 205 cm, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, USA
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/L%27Enl%C3%A8vement_d%27Europe_Rubens.jpeg

Titian in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is about an amazing Exhibition titled Titian – Women, Myth & Power running from August 12 to January 2, 2022. The Exhibition presents Titian’s poesie — or painted poetries — that envision epic stories from classical Antiquity. These poesies were created between 1551 and 1561, for King Philip II of Spain, by no other than the incredible Venetian artist, Titian! It is, undoubtedly, priceless, for the Exhibition visitor, to be able to see for the first time in over four centuries, the renowned paintings reunited… conversing with each other. For the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, inspiration was, I can only guess, their own painting of Titian’s… Rape of Europa. https://www.gardnermuseum.org/calendar/exhibition/women-myth-power

**Tiziano Vecelli** (**Titian** in English), c. 1488/90-1576
**Philip II of Spain,** between 1549 and 1550, Oil on Canvas, 103×82 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg

Not every painter has a gift for painting, in fact, many painters are disappointed when they meet with difficulties in art. Painting done under pressure by artists without the necessary talent can only give rise to formlessness, as painting is a profession that requires peace of mind. The painter must always seek the essence of things, always represent the essential characteristics and emotions of the person he is painting… Titian believed and applied when, between 1549 and 1550, he painted the Portrait of his most important patron, Philip II of Spain, the man with whom, the artist established one of the most fruitful artistic relationships of the European Renaissance. This fruitful artistic relationship between the aging Venetian Master, and the 21-year-old Prince of Spain, at the time, led to the poesie paintings… large canvases inspired by stories taken from Ovid’s (43 BC–17 AD) Metamorphoses and other Classical works. https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1112271 and https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/philip-ii/7249afc2-e80c-4e47-8dba-0dda1758a9aa and https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/titian-love-desire-death/titian-s-poesie-the-commission

Titian, given free rein by Philip to choose the subjects and to create new and innovative compositions, outdid himself choosing Myths that involve Gods and Mortals, Love and Death… The artist chose Myths that rely on powerful emotions, curiosity, jealousy, love, and desire, for their drama. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/titian-love-desire-death/mary-beard-on-titian-and-ovid

Danaë… Although Danaë was isolated at the top of a tower by her father, King Acrisius of Argos, in an attempt to prevent her from becoming a mother, Zeus sought her out and in the form of a shower of gold, impregnated her. Titian’s Danaë, one of his favourite mythological women, ever sensual and voluptuous, was always a woman depicted at the moment in which Zeus possesses her in the form of golden rain, surprised, contented, and innocent looking. Danaë was the first Poesie presented to Prince Philip. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/siteassets/home/visit/places-to-visit/apsley-house/history/significance/conserving-titians-mistress/titian-exhibition-guide.pdf

Titian’s Aphrodite and Adonis, presents a moment… not described in Ovid’s Metamorphoses or any other classical source. Invenzioned by Titian… the painting portrays Adonis, ready for the hunt, separating himself from Venus´s embrace. This is a scene of seduction, female initiative, and scandalous behaviour. Aphrodite, in a desperate effort, tries to restrain her lover with a seductive embrace… all in vain, Adonis’s fate is sealed!https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/venus-and-adonis/bc9c1e08-2dd7-44d5-b926-71cd3e5c3adb

While out hunting, Actaeon accidentally discovered the secret bathing place of Artemis, goddess of the moon and hunt. Titian’s Artemis and Actaeon, in the National Galleries of Scotland, chose to portray the exact inciting incident when the victims’ fate is sealed. A dramatic intrusion scene, a dynamic arrangement of figures, sparkling light, intense colour, and animated brushwork… Titian’s painting is a glimpse of the artist’s ability to create magic! https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/8685/diana-and-actaeon

Every time I see the constellation of Ursa Major, I think of Callisto, Zeus, Hera, and Artemis, a myth of innocence, violence, wrath, and punishment… a Renaissance painting by Titian, Artemis and Callisto, and a Patron who loved women and hunting… https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/titian-tiziano-vecellio

Titian’s Rape of Europa, painted in Venice in the 1560s, is inspired by a story from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Infatuated with Europa, Jupiter—king of the gods—transforms himself into a beautiful white bull and joins a herd grazing near the seashore. Europa, close by with her companions, approaches the beautiful creature with her hand outstretched. Finding him tame, she plays with the bull in a meadow and entwines flowers around his horns. When she climbs playfully on his back, the mischievous god seizes the opportunity and springs into the sea, spiriting away the target of his affections while she clings to him in terror… waving desperately at her companions on the shore. https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/10978

Arrogance, revenge, sacrifice, bravery…the Myth of Perseus and Andromeda, has it all! Painted between 1551 and 1562 by Titian, a poesie for King Philip II of Spain, is an epic scene of heroic bravery. Perhaps, the most dramatic of all poesie paintings, shows how Perseus, Danaë’s son, swoops down to rescue Andromeda, his powerful vertiginous descent contrasting vividly with her passive vulnerability. https://www.wallacecollection.org/blog/the-wallace-collections-first-transatlantic-loan/

Although never delivered to Philip II, the last of Titian’s poesie, the Death of Actaeon, is another powerful painting of unprecedented originality as the subject is rare in Italian art and Titian may never have seen another painting of it. With dynamic brushstrokes and majestic colours, Titian depicts the moment of divine wrath and punishment… Actaeon in the process of transformation is torn to death by his own hounds! https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/titian-the-death-of-actaeon

Short Video Presentation on the five Poesies by Titian… https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/titian-love-desire-death/facebook-live

An interesting Video by Mary Beard on Titian and Ovid… https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/titian-love-desire-death/mary-beard-on-titian-and-ovid

For the PowerPoint on Titian’s Poesies, please… Click HERE!