Books of Hours were popular medieval prayer books designed for lay devotion, structured around daily prayers and richly illustrated calendars marking saints’ days, “red letter days,” and feast days in gold and red for spiritual reflection and timekeeping.
David with the Head of Goliath by Andrea del Castagno
Andrea del Castagno’s David with the Head of Goliath (c. 1450–55) presents a Florentine civic hero triumphing over evil, symbolizing republican strength, determination, and Renaissance ideals of virtù.
The Labours of the Months: December
Folgore da San Gimignano’s December sonnet, translated by Rossetti, introduces the “Labours of the Months” theme, linking medieval rural work, seasonal cycles, and moral reflection through vivid poetic imagery.
Titian in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
Titian’s poesie for Philip II reimagined Ovidian myths as sensuous, emotionally charged paintings of gods and mortals, exploring love, desire, violence, and fate through innovative, poetic Renaissance compositions.
The Labours of the Months: November
The Venetian November panel from the National Gallery’s “Labours of the Months” cycle replaces agrarian toil with a courtly hunt, depicting a young huntsman with hounds and falcon in a vividly colored, aristocratic landscape.
The Colosso del’Appennino by Giambologna
A Renaissance marvel, Giambologna’s Colosso del’Appennino is a 10-meter mountain giant statue, once animated with water and hidden chambers, symbolizing Medici power and artistic ingenuity.
The Labours of the Months: October
Part of a Venetian ‘Labours of the Months’ series, this small painting depicts seasonal rural life with vivid colours, linking peasant work, nature’s cycles, and social order in a decorative, symbolic composition.
Portrait of a Halberdier
Pontormo’s Portrait of a Halberdier captures a teenage Florentine soldier with striking psychological depth — a swaggering pose and direct stare betraying his youth, admired by Raphael, Michelangelo, and Vasari alike.
The Labours of the Months: September
A unknown Venetian artist’s September — a man pressing grapes beneath a vine — forms part of a vivid Renaissance painted door series depicting the traditional twelve Labours of the Months.
Maiolica Credenza
Eleonora Gonzaga’s magnificent gift to her mother Isabella d’Este — twenty-three maiolica dishes by Nicola da Urbino, the “Raphael of Maiolica” — united mythology, Renaissance patronage, and extraordinary ceramic artistry.